P-adic Series Convergence

Visualize why (p-1) + (p-1)p + (p-1)p² + ... = -1 in the p-adics. Euclidean size explodes, while p-adic distance to -1 shrinks as p^{-N}.

Log10 scale comparison

Partial sums

N S_N = sum_{k=0..N-1}(p-1)p^k log10 |S_N| (Euclidean) |S_N - (-1)|_p